Tokyo Tech News

Wirelessly Powered Relay Will Help Bring 5G Technology to Smart Factories

The proposed innovative design leads to unprecedented power conversion efficiency and improved versatility.

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Published: June 17, 2024

A recently developed wirelessly powered 5G relay could accelerate the development of smart factories, report scientists from Tokyo Tech. By adopting a lower operating frequency for wireless power transfer, the proposed relay design solves many of the current limitations, including range and efficiency. In turn, this allows for a more versatile and widespread arrangement of sensors and transceivers in industrial settings.

One of the hallmarks of the Information Age is the transformation of industries towards a greater flow of information. This can be readily seen in high-tech factories and warehouses, where wireless sensors and transceivers are installed in robots, production machinery, and automatic vehicles. In many cases, 5G networks are used to orchestrate operations and communications between these devices.

To avoid relying on cumbersome wired power sources, sensors and transceivers can be energized remotely via wireless power transfer (WPT). However, one problem with conventional WPT designs is that they operate at 24 GHz. At such high frequencies, transmission beams must be extremely narrow to avoid energy losses. Moreover, power can only be transmitted if there is a clear line of sight between the WPT system and the target device. Since 5G relays are often used to extend the range of 5G base stations, WPT needs to reach even further, which is yet another challenge for 24 GHz systems.

To address the limitations of WPT, a research team from Tokyo Institute of Technology has come up with a clever solution. In a recent study, whose results have been presented in the 2024 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology & Circuits, they developed a novel 5G relay that can be powered wirelessly at a lower frequency of 5.7 GHz (as shown in Figure 1). "By using 5.7 GHz as the WPT frequency, we can get wider coverage than conventional 24 GHz WPT systems, enabling a wider range of devices to operate simultaneously," explains senior author and Associate Professor Atsushi Shirane.

Figure 1 Proposed WPT 5G relay A key innovation in this design is the use of the 5.7 GHz wireless power transfer (WPT) signal as both a means of generating DC power using a rectifier and as an oscillator for the mixing and unmixing circuits. By amplifying the input signal after down conversion to a lower frequency via mixing, this circuit achieves higher efficiency and gain.

Figure 1. Proposed WPT 5G relay

A key innovation in this design is the use of the 5.7 GHz wireless power transfer (WPT) signal as both a means of generating DC power using a rectifier and as an oscillator for the mixing and unmixing circuits. By amplifying the input signal after down conversion to a lower frequency via mixing, this circuit achieves higher efficiency and gain.

The proposed wirelessly powered relay is meant to act as an intermediary receiver and transmitter of 5G signals, which can originate from a 5G base station or wireless devices. The key innovation of this system is the use of a rectifier-type mixer, which performs 4th-order subharmonic mixing while also generating DC power.

Notably, the mixer uses the received 5.7 GHz WPT signal as a local signal. With this local signal, together with multiplying circuits, phase shifters, and a power combiner, the mixer 'down-converts' a received 28 GHz signal into a 5.2 GHz signal. Then, this 5.2 GHz signal is internally amplified, up-converted to 28 GHz through the inverse process, and retransmitted to its intended destination.

To drive these internal amplifiers, the proposed system first rectifies the 5.7 GHz WPT signal to produce DC power, which is managed by a dedicated power management unit. This ingenious approach offers several advantages, as Shirane highlights: "Since the 5.7 GHz WPT signal has less path loss than the 24 GHz signal, more power can be obtained from a rectifier. In addition, the 5.7 GHz rectifier has a lower loss than 24 GHz rectifiers and can operate at a higher power conversion efficiency." Finally, this proposed circuit design allows for selecting the transistor size, bias voltage, matching, cutoff frequency of the filter, and load to maximize conversion efficiency and conversion gain simultaneously.

Through several experiments, the research team showcased the capabilities of their proposed relay (refer Figure 2). Occupying only a 1.5 mm by 0.77 mm chip using standard CMOS technology, a single chip can output a high power of 6.45 mW at an input power of 10.7 dBm. Notably, multiple chips could be combined to achieve a higher power output. Considering its many advantages, the proposed 5.7 GHz WPT system could thus greatly contribute to the development of smart factories.

Figure 2 Prototype of the proposed relay transceiver The prototype of the proposed relay transceiver was fabricated with Si CMOS 65nm chips and 4×2 patch phased-array antenna board.

Figure 2. Prototype of the proposed relay transceiver

The prototype of the proposed relay transceiver was fabricated with Si CMOS 65nm chips and 4×2 patch phased-array antenna board.

Stay tuned for further advances in this exciting field as we dive deeper into the Information Age!

Wirelessly Powered Relay Will Help Bring 5G Technology to Smart Factories

Reference

Conference :
Session :
C9 – Wireless Transceivers (Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - 04:40 PM, Hawaii, USA (HST local time )
Session Title :
A 28GHz 5G NR Wirelessly Powered Relay Transceiver Using Rectifier-Type 4th-Order Sub-Harmonic Mixer
Journal :
Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE VLSI Symposium
Authors :
Sena Kato1*, Shu Date1, Tao Ruoxin1, Yasuto Narukiyo1, Hiroki Hayashi1, Keito Yuasa1, Michihiro Ide1, Takashi Tomura1, Kenichi Okada1, and Atsushi Shirane1*
Affiliations :

1 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

* Corresponding authors' emails: kato@ssc.pe.titech.ac.jp (S.K.) and shirane@ee.e.titech.ac.jp (A.S.)

School of Engineering

School of Engineering
—Creating New Industries and Advancing Civilization—

Information on School of Engineering inaugurated in April 2016

School of Engineering

Schools, Departments, and Institute for Liberal Artsouter

Further Information

Associate Professor Atsushi Shirane

Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology,
Institute of Innovative Research,
Tokyo Institute of Technology

Email shirane@ee.e.titech.ac.jp

Contact

Public Relations Division, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Email media@jim.titech.ac.jp
Tel +81-3-5734-2975

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